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/*
 * Copyright 2012 LMAX Ltd.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.lmax.disruptor;

import sun.misc.Unsafe;

import com.lmax.disruptor.util.Util;

// 左边缓存行填充
class LhsPadding
{
    protected long p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7;
}
 // 序列
class Value extends LhsPadding
{
    protected volatile long value;
}

// 右边缓存行填充
class RhsPadding extends Value
{
    protected long p9, p10, p11, p12, p13, p14, p15;
}

/**
 * <p>Concurrent sequence class used for tracking the progress of
 * the ring buffer and event processors.  Support a number
 * of concurrent operations including CAS and order writes.
 * 同步序列类用于跟踪环形缓冲区和事件处理器的进度。 支持一些并发操作，包括CAS和顺序写入。
 * <p>Also attempts to be more efficient with regards to false
 * sharing by adding padding around the volatile field.
 */
public class Sequence extends RhsPadding
{
    static final long INITIAL_VALUE = -1L;
    private static final Unsafe UNSAFE;
    private static final long VALUE_OFFSET;

    static
    {
        UNSAFE = Util.getUnsafe();
        try
        {
            VALUE_OFFSET = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(Value.class.getDeclaredField("value"));
        }
        catch (final Exception e)
        {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create a sequence initialised to -1.
     */
    public Sequence()
    {
        this(INITIAL_VALUE);
    }

    /**
     * Create a sequence with a specified initial value.
     * 创建具有指定初始值的序列。
     *
     * @param initialValue The initial value for this sequence.
     */
    public Sequence(final long initialValue)
    {
        UNSAFE.putOrderedLong(this, VALUE_OFFSET, initialValue);
    }

    /**
     * Perform a volatile read of this sequence's value.
     * 对这个序列的值执行一个不稳定的读取。
     * @return The current value of the sequence.
     */
    public long get()
    {
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * Perform an ordered write of this sequence.  The intent is
     * a Store/Store barrier between this write and any previous
     * store.
     * 执行这个序列的有序写。意图是在此写入和任何之前的存储之间的Store/Store屏障。
     * @param value The new value for the sequence.
     */
    public void set(final long value)
    {
        UNSAFE.putOrderedLong(this, VALUE_OFFSET, value);
    }

    /**
     * Performs a volatile write of this sequence.  The intent is
     * a Store/Store barrier between this write and any previous
     * write and a Store/Load barrier between this write and any
     * subsequent volatile read.
     * 
     * 执行这个序列的volatile的写。意图是在此写入和之前的任何写入之间的Store/Store屏障，以及在此写入和随后的volatile读取之间的Store/Load屏障。
     *
     * @param value The new value for the sequence.
     */
    public void setVolatile(final long value)
    {
        UNSAFE.putLongVolatile(this, VALUE_OFFSET, value);
    }

    /**
     * Perform a compare and set operation on the sequence.
     * CAS修改序列
     * @param expectedValue The expected current value.
     * @param newValue The value to update to.
     * @return true if the operation succeeds, false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean compareAndSet(final long expectedValue, final long newValue)
    {
        return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, VALUE_OFFSET, expectedValue, newValue);
    }

    /**
     * Atomically increment the sequence by one.
     * 递增
     * @return The value after the increment
     */
    public long incrementAndGet()
    {
        return addAndGet(1L);
    }

    /**
     * Atomically add the supplied value.
     * 原子地添加所提供的值。
     * @param increment The value to add to the sequence.
     * @return The value after the increment.
     */
    public long addAndGet(final long increment)
    {
        long currentValue;
        long newValue;

        do
        {
            currentValue = get();
            newValue = currentValue + increment;
        }
        while (!compareAndSet(currentValue, newValue));

        return newValue;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return Long.toString(get());
    }
}

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  // 左边缓存行填充
  class LhsPadding
  {
      protected long p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7;
  }
   // 序列
  class Value extends LhsPadding
  {
      protected volatile long value;
  }
  
  // 右边缓存行填充
  class RhsPadding extends Value
  {
      protected long p9, p10, p11, p12, p13, p14, p15;
  }